During World War II, the treatment of nurse POWs by the Japanese varied depending on the circumstances and locations. while some nurses were subjected to harsh conditions and mistreatment, others received relatively better treatment.
Portrait of Staff Nurse Vivian Bullwinkel, Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS), in service dress uniform. Bullwinkel is well known as the sole survivor of the infamous Banka Island massacre in which 21 of her AANS colleagues were killed by Japanese troops.
After disposing of the men, the Japanese then turned their attention to the Australian Army nurses under guard on the beach. The Japanese officer ordered them to stand up and walk into the sea. When the nurses were standing in water up to their waists the Japanese suddenly opened fire with a machine gun. ‘They just swept up and down the line and the girls fell one after the other,’ recalled Bullwinkel. ‘I was towards the end of the line and a bullet got me in the left loin and went straight through and came out towards the front.’ Bullwinkel said that the ‘conduct of the girls was most courageous. They all knew what was going to happen to them but no one panicked. They just marched ahead with their chins up. We waded into the surf and they fired on us.’ As Lloyd later struggled along the beach in great pain from several bayonet wounds, he discovered the ‘bodies of the Australian nurses and other women. They lay at intervals of a few hundred yards – in different positions and in different stages of undress … it was a shocking sight.’
The Real Tenko: Extraordinary True Stories of Women Prisoners of the Japanese by Mark Felton
In Hong Kong hospitals after the surrender, Japanese troops went into the hospitals and murdered patients, doctors and staff and raped and murdered nurses. All but one hospital was affected.

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